PHP sana va vaqt (date, DateTime)

Buyurtma sanasi, foydalanuvchi yoshi, “3 daqiqa oldin” yozuvi, hisobot oralig’i — bularning barchasi sana bilan ishlashni talab qiladi.

date — hozirgi sana

PHP

<?php
echo date("Y-m-d"), "\n";
echo date("d.m.Y"), "\n";
echo date("H:i:s"), "\n";
echo date("d.m.Y H:i");

date() birinchi argument sifatida format oladi — har harf o’z ma’nosiga ega.

Format belgilari

PHP

<?php
echo "Y — yil (4 xona):   ", date("Y"), "\n";
echo "y — yil (2 xona):   ", date("y"), "\n";
echo "m — oy (01-12):     ", date("m"), "\n";
echo "n — oy (1-12):      ", date("n"), "\n";
echo "d — kun (01-31):    ", date("d"), "\n";
echo "j — kun (1-31):     ", date("j"), "\n";
echo "H — soat (00-23):   ", date("H"), "\n";
echo "i — daqiqa:         ", date("i"), "\n";
echo "s — soniya:         ", date("s"), "\n";
echo "N — hafta kuni:     ", date("N"), "\n";
echo "L — kabisa yilmi:   ", date("L");

Harflarni matn bilan aralashtirmang

Format ichidagi har harf maxsus ma’no beradi. Oddiy matn qo’shmoqchi bo’lsangiz, \ bilan himoyalang:

date("d.m.Y \\y\\i\\l");   // 09.09.2026 yil

Aks holda y yilga, i daqiqaga aylanadi.

Belgilangan sanani formatlash

PHP

<?php
$vaqt = mktime(14, 30, 0, 9, 9, 2026);

echo $vaqt, "\n";
echo date("d.m.Y H:i", $vaqt), "\n";

$vaqt2 = strtotime("2026-01-15");
echo date("d.m.Y", $vaqt2), "\n";

echo date("Y-m-d", strtotime("2026-09-09 +10 days"));

strtotime — matndan sana

PHP

<?php
$misollar = [
  "now",
  "+1 day",
  "-1 week",
  "+2 months",
  "next monday",
  "2026-12-31",
];

foreach ($misollar as $m) {
  echo str_pad($m, 14), date("Y-m-d", strtotime($m)), "\n";
}

Ingliz tilidagi tabiiy yozuvni tushunadi — hisobot oralig’i hisoblashda juda qulay.

DateTime — zamonaviy usul

PHP

<?php
$sana = new DateTime("2026-09-09");

echo $sana->format("d.m.Y"), "\n";

$sana->modify("+1 month");
echo $sana->format("d.m.Y"), "\n";

$yangi = new DateTime("2026-01-15");
echo $yangi->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");

DateTime obyekt bo’lgani uchun zanjir qilib ishlatish va uzatish qulay.

O’zgarmas versiya

PHP

<?php
$a = new DateTime("2026-09-09");
$b = $a;
$b->modify("+1 year");
echo "DateTime:          ", $a->format("Y-m-d"), "\n";

$c = new DateTimeImmutable("2026-09-09");
$d = $c->modify("+1 year");
echo "DateTimeImmutable: ", $c->format("Y-m-d"), " / ", $d->format("Y-m-d");

Sanalar farqi

PHP

<?php
$boshi = new DateTimeImmutable("2026-01-01");
$oxiri = new DateTimeImmutable("2026-09-09");

$farq = $boshi->diff($oxiri);

echo $farq->days, " kun\n";
echo $farq->m, " oy ", $farq->d, " kun\n";
echo $farq->format("%m oy %d kun"), "\n";
echo $farq->format("%R%a kun");

diff ikki sana orasidagi farqni DateInterval obyekti sifatida beradi.

Yosh hisoblash

PHP

<?php
function yoshHisobla(string $tugilgan): int {
  $t = new DateTimeImmutable($tugilgan);
  $hozir = new DateTimeImmutable("2026-09-09");
  return $t->diff($hozir)->y;
}

echo yoshHisobla("2006-03-15"), " yosh\n";
echo yoshHisobla("2006-12-25"), " yosh\n";
echo yoshHisobla("1990-09-09"), " yosh";

diff(...)->y faqat to’liq yillarni beradi — tug’ilgan kun hali kelmagan bo’lsa, hisobga olmaydi.

Sana qo’shish va ayirish

PHP

<?php
$sana = new DateTimeImmutable("2026-09-09");

echo $sana->add(new DateInterval("P1M"))->format("Y-m-d"), "\n";
echo $sana->add(new DateInterval("P10D"))->format("Y-m-d"), "\n";
echo $sana->sub(new DateInterval("P1Y"))->format("Y-m-d"), "\n";
echo $sana->modify("+3 weeks")->format("Y-m-d");

DateInterval yozuvi: P — davr, Y/M/D — yil/oy/kun, T dan keyin H/M/S — soat/daqiqa/soniya. Amalda modify() o’qishga osonroq.

Taqqoslash

PHP

<?php
$a = new DateTimeImmutable("2026-09-09");
$b = new DateTimeImmutable("2026-12-31");

var_dump($a < $b);
var_dump($a > $b);

$muddat = new DateTimeImmutable("2026-08-01");
$hozir = new DateTimeImmutable("2026-09-09");

echo $muddat < $hozir ? "Muddat o'tgan" : "Muddat bor";

Sana obyektlarini oddiy < va > bilan solishtirish mumkin.

Vaqt zonasi

PHP

<?php
date_default_timezone_set("Asia/Tashkent");
echo "Toshkent: ", date("Y-m-d H:i"), "\n";

date_default_timezone_set("UTC");
echo "UTC:      ", date("Y-m-d H:i"), "\n";

date_default_timezone_set("Asia/Tashkent");
echo "Zona:     ", date_default_timezone_get();

“Necha vaqt oldin”

PHP

<?php
function qachon(string $sana, string $hozirgi = "2026-09-09 15:00:00"): string {
  $vaqt = new DateTimeImmutable($sana);
  $hozir = new DateTimeImmutable($hozirgi);
  $f = $vaqt->diff($hozir);

  if ($f->y > 0) return $f->y . " yil oldin";
  if ($f->m > 0) return $f->m . " oy oldin";
  if ($f->d > 0) return $f->d . " kun oldin";
  if ($f->h > 0) return $f->h . " soat oldin";
  if ($f->i > 0) return $f->i . " daqiqa oldin";
  return "hozirgina";
}

echo qachon("2026-09-09 14:58:00"), "\n";
echo qachon("2026-09-09 11:00:00"), "\n";
echo qachon("2026-09-05 15:00:00"), "\n";
echo qachon("2025-03-01 15:00:00");

Izohlar va xabarlar ro’yxatida ko’p ishlatiladigan naqsh.

Tekshirish

PHP

<?php
function sanaTogrimi(string $sana): bool {
  $d = DateTime::createFromFormat("Y-m-d", $sana);
  return $d && $d->format("Y-m-d") === $sana;
}

foreach (["2026-09-09", "2026-02-30", "notogri", "2026-13-01"] as $s) {
  echo str_pad($s, 12), sanaTogrimi($s) ? "to'g'ri" : "XATO", "\n";
}

createFromFormat natijasini qayta formatlab solishtirish — sanani tekshirishning ishonchli usuli.

Amaliy mashq

Bugungi sanani uch xil formatda chiqaring;
strtotime("+1 week") bilan kelasi haftani toping;
DateTimeImmutable bilan sanaga 1 oy qo’shing;
ikki sana farqini diff bilan hisoblang;
tug’ilgan sanangizdan yoshingizni hisoblang;
DateTime va DateTimeImmutable farqini sinab ko’ring.

6-qadam eng muhim farqni ko’rsatadi.

Qisqacha xulosa

date("format") hozirgi sanani formatlaydi: Y, m, d, H, i, s.
Timestamp — 1970-yildan beri o’tgan soniyalar.
strtotime tabiiy matndan sana yasaydi: "+1 day", "next monday".
DateTimeImmutable afzal — DateTime o’zini o’zgartiradi.
diff() sanalar farqini beradi (->y, ->m, ->d, ->days).
Sanalarni < va > bilan solishtirish mumkin.
Ko’p zonali loyihada UTC saqlang, ko’rsatishda o’giring.

Keyingi darsda forma bilan ishlash — PHP eng ko’p ishlatiladigan joy.